Sunday, June 17, 2012

Annotated Bibliography


RQ:  How do middle school students view artists?  How would they identify themselves?
SQ: What teaching approach allows teachers to sufficiently understand their student’s individual identity, abilities, aptitudes, and needs in the student’s current cultural climate?

Goal:  To look at students who identify as artists and investigate how they see their identities transforming? 


Annotated Bibliography

Sweeny, R. W., Buffington, M. L., Helms, K. R., Johnston, J. A., & Yoon, S. (2010). Web 2.0 and Social Constructivism. Inter/actions/inter/sections: art education in a digital visual culture (pp. 161-169). Reston, VA: National Art Education Association.
The development of Web 2.0 supports socially mediated, constructivist learning environments.  The article states that its emergence has the potential to dramatically alter current educational practices.  The data sources are three technologies associated with Web 2.0: Delicious, Blogs, and Second Life.  The article seeks to explore how teachers and students could utilize them to promote constructivist learning.  The article defines constructivism as "The notion that knowledge is not a thing that can be easily conveyed from one person to another in the manner that a coin can be exchanged."  The article draws the conclusion that "as students will encounter these technologies in their lives, we need to teach them meaningful ways to use these technologies that can further their classroom learning."  This article is important in understanding the way a student's individual aptitudes and abilities can be honed within the classroom to meet the digital visual culture of today.


Sweeny, R. W., Darts, D., Castro, J. C., Sinner, A., & Grauer, K. (2010). New Media Arts Education: How Community-Based Programs Can Reshape Teaching and Learning in The Age of Web 2.0. Inter/actions/inter/sections: art education in a digital visual culture (pp. 80-89). Reston, VA: National Art Education Association.
The problem this article proposes is the significant disparity and disconnect between new technology and school education.  New technology is categorized under Tim O’Reily’s marketing phrase, Web 2.0.   Web 2.0 marks the shift made in Internet activities by “emphasizing the Web as a place for collaboration, sharing, and interaction,” instead of simply a venue to present information.  With this change and advance in technology comes a new way in which teens are creating and participating in activities outside of school.  The article states that digital communication networks and technologies are “lowering the barriers to cultural participation and co-creation.” 
            The research questions in the article aim to find a solution to the void of new technologies in schools today.  The stated goal is “to understand the diverse ways arts and learning can emerge and shift our conceptions of contemporary arts educational curriculum and pedagogy.”  The proposed solution is to look at how community new media arts education programs have responded to this phenomenon.  The article states that these “community-based initiatives approach media education from creative, artistic/aesthetic skill sets and are grounded in curricula that foster self-expression, creativity, critical analysis, and the development of identity and voice.”



Stoddard, L. (2012, June 2). Saving Bullies and Dropouts. The Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved June 9, 2012, from http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/opinion/54210825-82/students-bullying-feel-student.html.csp
According to Lynn Stoddard’s article, Saving Bullies and Dropouts, when only a few subjects are used to assess a student’s success in school, many begin to feel inferior, which causes students to be cruel to those who are naturally talented in these “core” subjects.  Stoddard proposes redesigning education in order to help every student excel and feel valuable.  “What if we were to change the main goal and purpose of education from student achievement in a narrow curriculum to this: Help each student find a purpose for existing, to be a special and valued contributor to society?”  Stoddard gives a personal example of an educational design she implemented while serving as principle, where teachers united to help students grow in “three dimensions of human greatness: identity, inquiry, and interaction.  By using classroom subjects, not as goals, but as tools to grow towards greatness, students were allowed to excel in areas where they were inherently skilled.  Resultantly, bullying largely decreased.



The Importance of Middle Level Education.  This We Believe: Successful Schools for Young Adolescents . (n.d.). Association for Middle Level Education - AMLE  . Retrieved June 15, 2012, from http://www.amle.org/portals/0/pdf/publications/On_Target/middle_or_high/middle_or_high_8.pdf
This article outlines aspects of young adolescents that are important to understand for educators and education systems to succeed in meeting the needs of middle school students.  Meeting students where they are at requires relevant curriculum that both engages and complements contemporary students.  The article states “Young people undergo rapid and profound personal changes between the ages 10 and 15 than at any other time in their lives… early adolescence is a period of tremendous variability among youngsters of the same gender and chronological age.  Dissimilar rates of growth are common in all areas of their development.  Changes occur irregularly, and no two young adolescents enter puberty at the same time or progress at the same rate.”  There is a strong desire for peer acceptance.  Middle school students feel a need to belong to specific social groups.  Ultimately, “The guidelines for selecting educational goals, curriculum content, and instructional processes grow out of an awareness of and respect for the nature of these distinctive young adolescents.” 





Smith, F. (2009, January 28). Why Arts Education Is Crucial, and Who's Doing It Best | Edutopia. K-12 Education & Learning Innovations with Proven Strategies that Work | Edutopia. Retrieved June 15, 2012, from http://www.edutopia.org/arts-music-curriculum-child-development
As the title of the article states, art education is important not just for students who consider themselves artists, but for all students.  “Involvement in the arts is associated with gains in math, reading, cognitive ability, critical thinking, and verbal skill.  Arts learning can also improve motivation, concentration, confidence, and teamwork… They can connect people more deeply to the world and open them to new ways of seeing, creating the foundation to forge social bongs and community cohesion.”  The article stresses the public’s perception that the arts are lovely but no essential.  Schools seem to be missing the connection between art education and academic achievement.  The article concludes with a statement by Tom Horne, the state superintendant of public instruction in Arizona, “We’re preparing kids for jobs.  We’re preparing them to be citizens.  And we’re teaching them to be human beings who can enjoy the deeper forms of beauty.  The third is as important as the other two.”


Sprague, M. M., & Bryan, S. L. (n.d.). JSTOR: The Clearing House, Vol. 75, No. 1 (Sep. - Oct., 2001), pp. 41-44. Aesthetics and the Middle School Learner. Retrieved June 15, 2012, from http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/30189697?uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&sid=56263010723
The article starts by stating two important questions: What is beautiful to a middle schooler?  How often are middle schoolers asked to think about what they find beautiful and why?  The article addresses the importance of these questions in understanding their relation to education.  Recognizing and creating beauty are critical to achieving the full potential of an adult.  It is the teacher’s job to make clear the underlying elements of what is beautiful and to help students explore, locate, and manifest their ability to create beauty themselves.  The article references John Dewey and his portrayal of the teacher as “an artist who facilitates the development of the child as artist.”  He believed that “For the artist, aesthetic insight leads to further insight” and that “No intellectual activity is complete without aesthetic quality.”  Read, a follower of duty believed that the “purpose of education is to foster growth of the individual while harmonizing the individual with his or her social group.  Other educations, such as Broudy, believe that the use of the arts to teach other subjects, “Results in lessons that are more concrete, motivating, and engaging… Aesthetic lessons foster higher academic achievement.  It is this integrative approach to aesthetics that has the most potential for reaching all students.”  Ultimately, the article encourages middle school teachers to “incorporate the study of aesthetics—the search for and appreciation of beauty—into all aspects of the curriculum,” and to investigate how knowledge of content can “enrich and complement the beauty inherent in each subject.” 



NGA Classroom: Who Am I?: Self Portraits in Art and Writing: About This Lesson. (n.d.). National Gallery of Art. Retrieved June 15, 2012, from http://www.nga.gov/education/classroom/self_portraits/
This is a lesson that investigates the middle school identity, specifically through art.  It includes a set of art and writing activities designed to help these students begin to answer the question, “Who am I?”  After seeing images of self-portraits by artists such as van Gogh, Gauguin, Warhol, etc, students will make a variety of self-portraits of their own, write poetry, write a speech, and a letter about themselves.  Some questions they will be encouraged to answer or think about are:
-What are the distinctive things that make me “me?”
-How do I want people to see me?
-How do I see myself (I added this one)
-How am I changing from day to day or year to year?
-Who do I want to become?
This will be a unit on self-exploration through self-portraiture to encourage the artist to make decisions about how to represent him/herself authentically. 



Roland, C. (2005, September 1). Identity in the artroom. - Free Online Library. Free News, Magazines, Newspapers, Journals, Reference Articles and Classic Books - Free Online Library. Retrieved June 15, 2012, from http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Identity+in+the+artroom.-a0135932155
This article gives several examples of ways students can investigate their identity in the art room.   One project is to have students look at Van Gogh’s use of color and portraiture.  Van Gogh used color to express mood and emotions.  Students should create a self-portrait using color to express a quality or characteristic about themselves.  Another project is to create a self-portrait as a chair.  This is a new way of viewing self-portraits in which students look at Pepon Osorio’s work where he explores issues of cultural identity and place by altering and decorating objects and environments.   Students then would create portraits of themselves by decorating wooden chairs with images and symbols of their cultural heritage.  Another example of a project is Identity in Ethnicity in which students explore ethnicity and identity through writing and photography.  Students would shoot black and white photographs of themselves and then manipulate and write about it to describe their characters. 



Accelerating Struggling Students' Learning through Identity Redevelopment - Middle School Journal  . (n.d.). Association for Middle Level Education - AMLE  . Retrieved June 17, 2012, from http://www.amle.org/Publications/MiddleSchoolJournal/Articles/March2011/Article3/tabid/2354/Default.aspx
This article discusses the importance of identity development in education.  When students see themselves as failures and incapable it has a large affect on their schoolwork in the future and often results in student drop out.  This article stresses the importance of reshaping and redeveloping student’s identity into capable, productive, contributing citizens.  When they have a feeling of success and identity students become aware of the influence of their own beliefs, behavior, and efforts on their academic and social accomplishments.  Students succeed when they view themselves as learners and contributing members of a classroom community.  “Students are more apt to learn in environments where they feel a sense of belonging or believe they are welcome and contributing members of the group.”  The research discussed in the article examines an enduring aspect of self through three core constructs of self: accomplishment, belonging, and engagement. 


CCSDTV | 6th-8th Middle School Art Using the Enduring Idea of Identity | Clark County School District. (2011, March 29). CCSDTV | tv.ccsd.net. Retrieved June 12, 2012, from http://tv.ccsd.net/watch?v=NDmwUW5kLkBM
This is a video of a classroom discussing different ways an individual can express their identity. The middle school art students brainstorm “possible ways of communicating their identity, selecting the top five things they find the most important. Students then collectively discuss one part, their name, to use on the next project. Students are introduced to a project using their name and Sign Language, and come up with ways to enhance the project, communicating more about themselves.”  The students discussed adding elements of art they previously learned in class such as texture and shading and combine that with a background that depicted things they like to do or other ways of expressing their identity. 
Students described other ways identity can be expressed:
-How you live
 -What you celebrate
-Personality
-Age

No comments:

Post a Comment